What is Objective vs. Subjective Information?
CNA Exam Knowledge
Key Difference
Objective Information
Data that is measurable and observable. These are things you can see, hear, smell, or touch. Also called "signs."
Example: Blood pressure is 120/80.
Subjective Information
Information that the patient tells you. This cannot be directly observed or measured by the CNA. Also called "symptoms."
Example: "My head hurts."
Examples for the CNA Exam
| Category | Objective (Signs) | Subjective (Symptoms) |
|---|---|---|
| Pain | Grimacing, crying, moaning | "My stomach hurts" |
| Infection | Fever (101°F), redness, swelling | "I feel hot," "It itches" |
| Vital Signs | Pulse rate, blood pressure reading | "My heart acts like it's racing" |
Reporting Tips
When documenting or reporting to a nurse, always state exactly what you observed or use quotes for what the resident said.
- Correct: "Resident stated, 'I feel nauseous.'" (Subjective)
- Incorrect: "Resident is nauseous." (This assumes a diagnosis)
- Correct: "Resident vomited 100ml of fluid." (Objective)
Practice Question
Which of the following is an example of objective information?
A. "Mrs. Jones says she is dizzy."
B. "Mr. Smith complains of a headache."
C. "Mr. Smith's blood pressure is 110/60."
D. "Mrs. Jones feels sad today."
Correct Answer: C. Blood pressure is measurable data (a sign), making it objective. All other options describe what the resident feels or says (symptoms).